2. Basis of Presentation

The accompanying unaudited interim consolidated financial statements as of June 30, 2023, the December 31, 2022, and the three and six-months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“US GAAP”) for interim consolidated financial information and with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 8 of Regulation S-X. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and footnotes required by US GAAP for complete consolidated financial statements. In the opinion of management, the accompanying consolidated financial statements include all adjustments, consisting of normal recurring accruals, necessary for a fair presentation of the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows for the periods presented. The results of operations for the interim period ended June 30, 2023, are not necessarily indicative of the results of operations that may be expected for the year ended December 31, 2023, or any future period.

Prior Period Restatements

On April 4, 2023 the Company’s management and Audit Committee of the Company’s Board of Directors concluded that the unaudited consolidated financial statements for the three and six-month periods ended June 30, 2022 should be restated and should no longer be relied upon. Management reviewed the terms and conditions of the Company’s contracts and the payments and concluded that during the three and six-month periods ending June 30, 2022 amounts were paid as part of a prepayment arrangement. Management reviewed Accounting Standards Codification Topic 730 Research and Development guidance related to recording initial upfront payments to vendors; and determined that the unaudited consolidated financial statements originally reported for the three and six-month periods ended June 30, 2022 classified as research and development expense on the unaudited consolidated statement of operations that should be classified as prepaid expense on the Company’s unaudited consolidated balance sheet.

On April 14, 2023 the Company filed Amendment 1 on Form 10-Q/A with the SEC. Amendment 1 was filed for the sole purpose of restating certain financial statements included in the Original Form 10-Q. When referencing prior period comparisons for the three and six-month periods ended June 30, 2022 in this Form 10-Q the financial information reflects the restated financials as reported in Amendment 1.

Going Concern Consideration

These consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited financial statements and notes thereto for the year ended December 31, 2022, which are included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on April 17, 2023. The Company has incurred recurring losses and negative cash flows from operations since inception. To date, the Company has not generated significant revenues from operations. The Company incurred a net loss of $5,895,423 and used cash of $4,685,323 in its operating activities during the six months ended June 30, 2023. As of June 30, 2023, the Company had an accumulated deficit of $191,457,940.

The Company expects to incur substantial expenditures to further develop its technologies. The Company believes the working capital at June 30, 2023 will be sufficient to meet the business objectives as presently structured only through the fourth quarter of 2023. As such, there is substantial doubt that we can continue as a going concern beyond that date. As a result, the Company has implemented certain cost-saving initiatives, including reducing our efforts and staff focused on our lantibiotics program, which are expected to negatively impact the development of our lantibiotics program. See, “Risk Factors.”

The Company’s ability to continue operations after its current cash resources are exhausted depends on its ability to obtain additional financing or achieve profitable operations, as to which no assurances can be given. Cash requirements may vary materially from those now planned because of changes in the Company’s focus and direction of its research and development programs, competitive and technical advances, or other developments. Additional financing will be required to continue operations after the Company exhausts its current cash resources and to continue its long-term plans for clinical trials and new product development. There can be no assurance that any such financing can be realized by the Company, or if realized, what the terms thereof may be, or that any amount that the Company is able to raise will be adequate to support the Company’s working capital requirements until it achieves profitable operations.

The Company intends to seek additional funding through sublicensing arrangements, joint venturing or partnering, sales of rights to technology, government grants and public or private financings. The Company’s future success depends on its ability to raise capital and ultimately generate revenue and attain profitability. The Company cannot be certain that additional capital, whether through selling additional debt or equity securities or obtaining a line of credit or other loan, will be available to it or, if available, will be on terms acceptable to the Company. If the Company issues additional securities to raise funds, these securities may have rights, preferences, or privileges senior to those of its common stock, and the Company’s current shareholders may experience dilution. If the Company is unable to obtain funds when needed or on acceptable terms, the Company may be required to curtail its current development programs, cut operating costs and forego future development and other opportunities.